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一、概述

GCC一般包括预处理、编译、组装和链接。GCC的运行一般是调用命令gcc，在cross-compiling时使用machine-gcc或machine-gcc-version，在使用c++时使用g++。

二、通用参数

-c -S -E -o file -x language
-v -### --help[=class[,...]] --target-help --version
-pass-exit-codes -pipe -specs=file -wrapper
@file -ffile-prefix-map=old=new
-fplugin=file -fplugin-arg-name=arg
-fdump-ada-spec[-slim] -fada-spec-parent=unit -fump-go-spec=file

三、C语言参数

-ansi -std=standard -fgnu89-inline
-fpermitted-flt-eval-methods=standard
-aux-info filename -fallow-parameterless-variadic-functions
-fno-asm -fno-builtin -fno-builtin-function -fgimple
-fhosted -ffreestanding -fopenacc -fopenmp -fopenmp-simd
-fms-extensions -fplan9-extensions -fsso-struct=endianness
-fallow-single-precision -fcond-mismatch -flax-vector-conversions
-fsigned-bitfields -fsigned-char
-funsigned-bitfields -funsigned-char

四、c++语言参数

-fabi-version=n -fno-access-control
-faligned-new=n -fargs-in-order=n -fcheck-new
-fconstexpr-depth=n -fconstexpr-loop-limit=n
-ffriend-injection
-fno-elide-constructors
-fno-enforce-eh-specs
-ffor-scope -fno-for-scope -fno-gnu-keywords
-fno-implicit-templates
-fno-implicit-inline-templates
-fno-implement-inlines -fms-extensions
-fnew-inheriting-ctors
-fnew-ttp-matching
-fno-nonansi-builtins -fnothrow-opt -fno-operator-names
-fno-optional-diags -fpermissive
-fno-pretty-templates
-frepo -fno-rtti -fsized-deallocation
-ftemplate-backtrace-limit=n
-ftemplate-depth=n
-fno-threadsafe-statics -fuse-cxa-atexit
-fno-weak -nostdinc++
-fvisiblity-inlines-hidden
-fvisiblity-ms-compat
-fext-numeric-literals
-Wabi=n -Wabi-tag -Wconversion-null -Wctor-dtor-privacy
-Wdelete-non-virtual-dtor -Wliteral-suffix -Wmultiple-inheritance
-Wnamespaces -Wnarrowing
-Wnoexcept  -Wnoexcept-type -Wclass-memaccess
-Wnon-virtual-dtor -Wreorder -Wregister
-Weffc++ -Wstrict-null-sentinel -Wtemplates
-Wno-non-template-friedn -Wold-style-cast
-Woverloaded-virtual -Wno-pmf-conversions
-Wsign-promo -Wvirtual-inheritance

-fabi-version=n

指定C++ ABI（Application Binary Interface）的版本，默认是0。

五、调试信息格式参数项

-fmessage-length=n
-fdiagnostics-show-location=[once|every-line]
-fdiagnostics-color=[auto|never|always]
-fno-diagnostics-show-option -fno-diagnostics-show-caret
-fdiagnostics-parseable-fixits -fdiagnostics-generate-patch
-fdiagnostics-show-template-tree -fno-elide-type
-fno-show-column

六、报警参数项

-fsyntax-only -fmax-errors=n-Wpedantic
-pedantic-errors
-w -Wextra -Wall -Waddress -Waggregate-return -Waligned-new
-Walloc-zero -Walloc-size-larger-than=n-Walloca -Walloca-larger-than=n
-Wno-aggressive-loop-optimizations -Warray-bounds -Warray-bounds=n
-Wno-attributes -Wbool-compare -Wbool-operation
-Wno-builtin-declaration-mismatch
-Wno-builtin-macro-redefined -Wc90-c99-compat -Wc99-c11-compat
-Wc++-compat -Wc++11-compat -Wc++14-compat
-Wcast-align -Wcast-align=strict -Wcast-function-type -Wcast-qual
-Wchar-subscripts -Wchkp -Wcatch-value -Wcatch-value=n
-Wclobbered -Wcomment -Wconditionally-supported
-Wconversion -Wcoverage-mismatch -Wno-cpp -Wdangling-else -Wdate-time
-Wdelete-incomplete
-Wno-deprecated -Wno-deprecated-declarations -Wno-designated-init
-Wdisabled-optimization
-Wno-discarded-qualifiers -Wno-discarded-array-qualifiers
-Wno-div-by-zero -Wdouble-promotion
-Wduplicated-branches -Wduplicated-cond
-Wempty-body -Wenum-compare -Wno-endif-labels -Wexpansion-to-defined
-Werror -Werror=* -Wextra-semi -Wfatal-errors
-Wfloat-equal -Wformat -Wformat=2
-Wno-format-contains-nul -Wno-format-extra-args
-Wformat-nonliteral -Wformat-overflow=n
-Wformat-security -Wformat-signedness -Wformat-truncation=n
-Wformat-y2k -Wframe-address
-Wframe-larger-than=len
-Wno-free-nonheap-object -Wjump-misses-init
-Wif-not-aligned
-Wignored-qualifiers -Wignored-attributes -Wincompatible-pointer-types
-Wimplicit -Wimplicit-fallthrough -Wimplicit-fallthrough=n
-Wimplicit-function-declaration -Wimplicit-int
-Winit-self -Winline -Wno-int-conversion -Wint-in-bool-context
-Wno-int-to-pointer-cast -Winvalid-memory-model -Wno-invalid-offsetof
-Winvalid-pch -Wlarger-than=len
-Wlogical-op -Wlogical-not-parentheses -Wlong-long
-Wmain -Wmaybe-uninitialized -Wmemset-elt-size -Wmemset-transposed-args
-Wmisleading-indentation -Wmissing-attributes -Wmissing-braces
-Wmissing-field-initializers -Wmissing-include-dirs
-Wno-multichar -Wmultistatement-macros -Wnonnull -Wnonnull-compare
-Wnormalized=[none|id|nfc|nfkc]
-Wnull-dereference -Wodr -Wno-overflow -Wopenmp-simd
-Woverride-init-side-effects -Woverlength-strings
-Wpacked -Wpacked-bitfield-compat -Wpacked-not-aligned -Wpadded
-Wparentheses -Wno-pedantic-ms-format
-Wplacement-new -Wplacement-new=n
-Wpointer-arith -Wpointer-compare -Wno-pointer-to-int-cast
-Wno-pragmas -Wredundant-decls -Wrestrict -Wno-return-local-addr
-Wreturn-type -Wsequence-point -Wshadow -Wno-shadow-ivar
-Wshadow=global, -Wshadow=local, -Wshadow=compatible-local
-Wshift-overflow -Wshift-overflow=n
-Wshift-count-negative -Wshift-count-overflow -Wshift-negative-value
-Wsign-compare -Wsign-conversion -Wfloat-conversion
-Wno-scalar-storage-order -Wsizeof-pointer-div
-Wsizeof-pointer-memaccess -Wsizeof-array-argument
-Wstack-protector -Wstack-usage=len
-Wstrict-aliasing
-Wstrict-aliasing=n -Wstrict-overflow -Wstrict-overflow=n
-Wstringop-overflow=n
-Wstringop-truncation
-Wsuggest-attribute=[pure|const|noreturn|format|malloc]
-Wsuggest-final-types
-Wsuggest-final-methods -Wsuggest-override
-Wmissing-format-attribute -Wsubobject-linkage
-Wswitch -Wswitch-bool -Wswitch-default -Wswitch-enum
-Wswitch-unreachable -Wsync-nand
-Wsystem-headers -Wtautological-compare -Wtrampolines -Wtrigraphs
-Wtype-limits -Wundef
-Wuninitialized -Wunknown-pragmas
-Wunsuffixed-float-constants -Wunused -Wunused-function
-Wunused-label -Wunused-local-typedefs -Wunused-macros
-Wunused-parameter -Wno-unused-result
-Wunused-value -Wunused-variable
-Wunused-const-variable -Wunused-const-variable=n
-Wunused-but-set-parameter -Wunused-but-set-variable
-Wuseless-cast -Wvariadic-macros -Wvector-operation-performance
-Wvla -Wvla-larger-than=n
-Wvolatile-register-var -Wwrite-strings-Wzero-as-null-pointer-constant -Whsa

七、c和objective-c专用报警参数项

-Wbad-function-cast -Wmissing-declarations
-Wmissing-parameter-type -Wmissing-prototypes -Wnested-externs
-Wold-style-declaration -Wold-style-definition
-Wstrict-prototypes -Wtraditional -Wtraditional-conversion
-Wdeclaration-after-statement -Wpointer-sign

八、调试参数项

g -glevel-gdwarf -gdwarf-version
-ggdb -grecord-gcc-switches -gno-record-gcc-switches
-gstabs -gstabs+ -gstrict-dwarf -gno-strict-dwarf
-gas-loc-support -gno-as-loc-support
-gas-locview-support -gno-as-locview-support
-gcolumn-info -gno-column-info
-gstatement-frontiers -gno-statement-frontiers
-gvariable-location-views -gno-variable-location-views
-ginternal-reset-location-views -gno-internal-reset-location-views
-ginline-points -gno-inline-points
-gvms -gxcoff -gxcoff+ -gz[=type]
-fdebug-prefix-map=old=new
-fdebug-types-section
-fno-eliminate-unused-debug-types
-femit-struct-debug-baseonly -femit-struct-debug-reduced
-femit-struct-debug-detailed[=spec-list]
-feliminate-unused-debug-symbols -femit-class-debug-always
-fno-merge-debug-strings -fno-dwarf2-cfi-asm
-fvar-tracking -fvar-tracking-assignments

九、优化参数项

-faggressive-loop-optimizations -falign-functions[=n]
-falign-jumps[=n]
-falign-labels[=n] -falign-loops[=n]
-fassociative-math -fauto-profile -fauto-profile[=path]
-fauto-inc-dec -fbranch-probabilities
-fbranch-target-load-optimize -fbranch-target-load-optimize2
-fbtr-bb-exclusive -fcaller-saves
-fcombine-stack-adjustments -fconserve-stack
-fcompare-elim -fcprop-registers -fcrossjumping
-fcse-follow-jumps -fcse-skip-blocks -fcx-fortran-rules
-fcx-limited-range
-fdata-sections -fdce -fdelayed-branch
-fdelete-null-pointer-checks -fdevirtualize -fdevirtualize-speculatively
-fdevirtualize-at-ltrans -fdse
-fearly-inlining -fipa-sra -fexpensive-optimizations -ffat-lto-objects
-ffast-math -ffinite-math-only -ffloat-store -fexcess-precision=style
-fforward-propagate -ffp-contract=style
-ffunction-sections
-fgcse -fgcse-after-reload -fgcse-las -fgcse-lm -fgraphite-identity
-fgcse-sm -fhoist-adjacent-loads -fif-conversion
-fif-conversion2 -findirect-inlining
-finline-functions -finline-functions-called-once -finline-limit=n
-finline-small-functions -fipa-cp -fipa-cp-clone
-fipa-bit-cp -fipa-vrp
-fipa-pta -fipa-profile -fipa-pure-const -fipa-reference -fipa-icf
-fira-algorithm=algorithm
-fira-region=region
-fira-hoist-pressure
-fira-loop-pressure -fno-ira-share-save-slots
-fno-ira-share-spill-slots
-fisolate-erroneous-paths-dereference -fisolate-erroneous-paths-attribute
-fivopts -fkeep-inline-functions -fkeep-static-functions
-fkeep-static-consts -flimit-function-alignment -flive-range-shrinkage
-floop-block -floop-interchange -floop-strip-mine
-floop-unroll-and-jam -floop-nest-optimize
-floop-parallelize-all -flra-remat -flto -flto-compression-level
-flto-partition=alg
-fmerge-all-constants
-fmerge-constants -fmodulo-sched -fmodulo-sched-allow-regmoves
-fmove-loop-invariants -fno-branch-count-reg
-fno-defer-pop -fno-fp-int-builtin-inexact -fno-function-cse
-fno-guess-branch-probability -fno-inline -fno-math-errno -fno-peephole
-fno-peephole2 -fno-printf-return-value -fno-sched-interblock
-fno-sched-spec -fno-signed-zeros
-fno-toplevel-reorder -fno-trapping-math -fno-zero-initialized-in-bss
-fomit-frame-pointer -foptimize-sibling-calls
-fpartial-inlining -fpeel-loops -fpredictive-commoning
-fprefetch-loop-arrays
-fprofile-correction-fprofile-use -fprofile-use=path
-fprofile-values
-fprofile-reorder-functions
-freciprocal-math -free -frename-registers -freorder-blocks
-freorder-blocks-algorithm=algorithm
-freorder-blocks-and-partition -freorder-functions
-frerun-cse-after-loop -freschedule-modulo-scheduled-loops
-frounding-math -fsched2-use-superblocks -fsched-pressure
-fsched-spec-load -fsched-spec-load-dangerous
-fsched-stalled-insns-dep[=n] -fsched-stalled-insns[=n]
-fsched-group-heuristic -fsched-critical-path-heuristic
-fsched-spec-insn-heuristic -fsched-rank-heuristic
-fsched-last-insn-heuristic -fsched-dep-count-heuristic
-fschedule-fusion-fschedule-insns -fschedule-insns2 -fsection-anchors
-fselective-scheduling -fselective-scheduling2
-fsel-sched-pipelining -fsel-sched-pipelining-outer-loops
-fsemantic-interposition -fshrink-wrap -fshrink-wrap-separate
-fsignaling-nans
-fsingle-precision-constant -fsplit-ivs-in-unroller -fsplit-loops
-fsplit-paths-fsplit-wide-types -fssa-backprop -fssa-phiopt
-fstdarg-opt -fstore-merging -fstrict-aliasing
-fthread-jumps -ftracer -ftree-bit-ccp
-ftree-builtin-call-dce -ftree-ccp -ftree-ch
-ftree-coalesce-vars -ftree-copy-prop -ftree-dce -ftree-dominator-opts
-ftree-dse -ftree-forwprop -ftree-fre -fcode-hoisting
-ftree-loop-if-convert -ftree-loop-im
-ftree-phiprop -ftree-loop-distribution -ftree-loop-distribute-patterns
-ftree-loop-ivcanon -ftree-loop-linear -ftree-loop-optimize
-ftree-loop-vectorize
-ftree-parallelize-loops=n-ftree-pre -ftree-partial-pre -ftree-pta
-ftree-reassoc -ftree-sink -ftree-slsr -ftree-sra
-ftree-switch-conversion -ftree-tail-merge
-ftree-ter -ftree-vectorize -ftree-vrp -funconstrained-commons
-funit-at-a-time -funroll-all-loops -funroll-loops
-funsafe-math-optimizations -funswitch-loops
-fipa-ra -fvariable-expansion-in-unroller -fvect-cost-model -fvpt
-fweb -fwhole-program -fwpa -fuse-linker-plugin
--paramname=value-O -O0 -O1 -O2 -O3 -Os -Ofast -Og

十、编程指令参数项

-p -pg -fprofile-arcs --coverage -ftest-coverage
-fprofile-abs-path
-fprofile-dir=path-fprofile-generate -fprofile-generate=path
-fsanitize=style-fsanitize-recover -fsanitize-recover=style
-fasan-shadow-offset=number-fsanitize-sections=s1,s2,...
-fsanitize-undefined-trap-on-error -fbounds-check
-fcheck-pointer-bounds -fchkp-check-incomplete-type
-fchkp-first-field-has-own-bounds -fchkp-narrow-bounds
-fchkp-narrow-to-innermost-array -fchkp-optimize-fchkp-use
-fast-string-functions -fchkp-use-nochk-string-functions
-fchkp-use-static-bounds -fchkp-use-static-const-bounds
-fchkp-treat-zero-dynamic-size-as-infinite -fchkp-check-read
-fchkp-check-read -fchkp-check-write -fchkp-store-bounds
-fchkp-instrument-calls -fchkp-instrument-marked-only
-fchkp-use-wrappers -fchkp-flexible-struct-trailing-arrays
-fcf-protection=[full|branch|return|none]
-fstack-protector -fstack-protector-all -fstack-protector-strong
-fstack-protector-explicit -fstack-check
-fstack-limit-register=reg
-fstack-limit-symbol=sym
-fno-stack-limit -fsplit-stack
-fvtable-verify=[std|preinit|none]
-fvtv-counts -fvtv-debug
-finstrument-functions
-finstrument-functions-exclude-function-list=sym,sym,...
-finstrument-functions-exclude-file-list=file,file,...

-finstrument-functions

编译器会在函数的前面添加__cyg_profile_func_enter()，在后面添加__cyg_profile_func_exit()。

十一、预处理参数项

-Aquestion=answer
-A-question[=answer]
-C -CC -Dmacro[=defn]
-dD -dI -dM -dN -dU
-fdebug-cpp -fdirectives-only -fdollars-in-identifiers
-fexec-charset=charset
-fextended-identifiers
-finput-charset=charset
-fmacro-prefix-map=old=new
-fno-canonical-system-headers
-fpch-deps -fpch-preprocess
-fpreprocessed -ftabstop=width
-ftrack-macro-expansion
-fwide-exec-charset=charset
-fworking-directory
-H -imacrosfile-includefile
-M -MD -MF -MG -MM -MMD -MP -MQ -MT
-no-integrated-cpp -P -pthread -remap
-traditional -traditional-cpp -trigraphs
-Umacro-undef
-Wp,option-Xpreprocessor option

十二、组装参数项

Wa,option-Xassembler option

十三、链接参数项

object-file-name -fuse-ld=linker -llibrary
-nostartfiles -nodefaultlibs -nostdlib -pie -pthread -rdynamic
-s -static -static-pie -static-libgcc -static-libstdc++
-static-libasan -static-libtsan -static-liblsan -static-libubsan
-static-libmpx -static-libmpxwrappers
-shared -shared-libgcc -symbolic
-T script -Wl,option -Xlinker option
-u symbol -z keyword

十四、header搜索目录参数项

-Bprefix -I dir -I-
-idirafter dir
-imacros file-imultilib dir
-iplugindir=dir -iprefix file
-iquote dir-isysroot dir -isystem dir
-iwithprefix dir-iwithprefixbefore dir
-Ldir -no-canonical-prefixes --no-sysroot-suffix
-nostdinc -nostdinc++ --sysroot=dir

-I dir

-iquote dir

-isystem dir

-idirafter dir

-iquote只对双引号的#include "file"有效，-I、-isystem，-idirafter对#include "file"和#include <file>都有效。它们搜索的顺序：

1、对于相引号的#include，第一个搜索的目录是当前目录。

2、对于双引号的#include，接下来从左到右搜索-iquote指定的目录。

3、从左到右搜索-I指定的目录

4、从左到右搜索-isystem指定的目录

5、从左到右搜索-idirater指定的目录。

-iwithprefix dir

-iwithprefixbefore dir

-iwithprefix dir是把目录添加在-idirafter级别，-iwithprefixbefore dir是把目录添加到-I级别

十五、代码生成参数项

-fcall-saved-reg
-fcall-used-reg
-ffixed-reg-fexceptions
-fnon-call-exceptions -fdelete-dead-exceptions -funwind-tables
-fasynchronous-unwind-tables
-fno-gnu-unique
-finhibit-size-directive -fno-common -fno-ident
-fpcc-struct-return -fpic -fPIC -fpie -fPIE -fno-plt
-fno-jump-tables
-frecord-gcc-switches
-freg-struct-return -fshort-enums -fshort-wchar
-fverbose-asm -fpack-struct[=n]
-fleading-underscore -ftls-model=model
-fstack-reuse=reuse_level
-ftrampolines -ftrapv -fwrapv
-fvisibility=[default|internal|hidden|protected]
-fstrict-volatile-bitfields -fsync-libcalls

十六、机器相关参数项

（1）GNU/Linux参数项

-mglibc -muclibc -mmusl -mbionic -mandroid-tno-android-cc -tno-android-ld

（2）x86参数项

-mtune=cpu-type
-march=cpu-type
-mtune-ctrl=feature-list
-mdump-tune-features -mno-default
-mfpmath=unit
-masm=dialect
-mno-fancy-math-387
-mno-fp-ret-in-387 -m80387 -mhard-float -msoft-float
-mno-wide-multiply -mrtd -malign-double
-mpreferred-stack-boundary=num
-mincoming-stack-boundary=num
-mcld -mcx16 -msahf -mmovbe -mcrc32
-mrecip -mrecip=opt
-mvzeroupper -mprefer-avx128 -mprefer-vector-width=opt
-mmmx -msse -msse2 -msse3 -mssse3 -msse4.1 -msse4.2 -msse4 -mavx
-mavx2 -mavx512f -mavx512pf -mavx512er -mavx512cd -mavx512vl
-mavx512bw -mavx512dq -mavx512ifma -mavx512vbmi -msha -maes
-mpclmul -mfsgsbase -mrdrnd -mf16c -mfma -mpconfig -mwbnoinvd
-mprefetchwt1 -mclflushopt -mclwb -mxsavec -mxsaves
-msse4a -m3dnow -m3dnowa -mpopcnt -mabm -mbmi -mtbm -mfma4 -mxop
-madx -mlzcnt -mbmi2 -mfxsr -mxsave -mxsaveopt -mrtm -mlwp -mmpx
-mmwaitx -mclzero -mpku -mthreads -mgfni -mvaes
-mshstk -mforce-indirect-call -mavx512vbmi2
-mvpclmulqdq -mavx512bitalg -mmovdiri -mmovdir64b -mavx512vpopcntdq
-mavx5124fmaps -mavx512vnni -mavx5124vnniw -mprfchw -mrdpid
-mrdseed -msgx-mms-bitfields -mno-align-stringops -minline-all-stringops
-minline-stringops-dynamically -mstringop-strategy=alg
-mmemcpy-strategy=strategy
-mmemset-strategy=strategy
-mpush-args -maccumulate-outgoing-args -m128bit-long-double
-m96bit-long-double -mlong-double-64 -mlong-double-80 -mlong-double-128
-mregparm=num
-msseregparm
-mveclibabi=type
-mvect8-ret-in-mem
-mpc32 -mpc64 -mpc80 -mstackrealign
-momit-leaf-frame-pointer -mno-red-zone -mno-tls-direct-seg-refs
-mcmodel=code-model
-mabi=name-maddress
-mode=mode
-m32 -m64 -mx32 -m16 -miamcu -mlarge-data-threshold=num
-msse2avx -mfentry -mrecord-mcount -mnop-mcount -m8bit-idiv
-mavx256-split-unaligned-load -mavx256-split-unaligned-store
-malign-data=type
-mstack-protector-guard=guard
-mstack-protector-guard-reg=reg
-mstack-protector-guard-offset=offset
-mstack-protector-guard-symbol=symbol
-mmitigate-rop
-mgeneral-regs-only -mcall-ms2sysv-xlogues
-mindirect-branch=choice
-mfunction-return=choice
-mindirect-branch-register